Road Web Markup Language (RWML)

Specification Ver.0.71a

RWML-WG Draft 1999-12-22

5. Weather Information

Weather Information <weather-info>

Basic Information <basic-info>

Place Information<place>

Updates <update>

Authority<authority>

Condition<condition>

Actual Weather Information <actual>

Actual Classification <actual-class>

Observation Target Area <actual-area>

Observation Target Area Name <actual-areaname>

Observation Target Mesh Definition <actual-areadef>

Mesh Code <mesh-code>

Mesh Base Point <mesh-bpoint>

Base Point Location <basepoint>

Mesh Kind <mesh-kind>

Mesh Size <mesh-size>

Mesh Size X <mesh-sizex>

Mesh Size Y <mesh-sizey>

Definition of Actual Measurement <actual-def>

Sending Station <sending-station>

Announcement Time <announce-time>

Observation Time <observe-time>

Observation Information <observe-info>

Observation Location <observe-location>

Latitude<latitude>

Longitude <longitude>

Altitude <altitude>

Point Name <point-name>

Location Code <location-code>

Observation Element <observe-element>

Mesh Complement <mesh-complement>

Horizontal Index <i-index>

Vertical Index <j-index>

Surface Chart <surface-chart>

Upper Level Chart <upper-chart>

Synopsis <synopsis>

Weather <weather>

Temperature <temperature>

Sunshine Duration <sunshine-duration>

Solar Radiation <solar-radiation>

Wind Direction <wind-direction>

Wind Speed <wind-speed>

Precipitation Volume <precipitation>

Snow Depth <snow-depth>

Snow Fall <snow-fall>

Snow Strength <snow-strength>

Snowfall Chart <snowfall-chart>

Forecast <forecast>

Forecast Class <forecast-class>

Forecast Target Area <forecast-area>

Forecast Target Area Name <forecast-areaname>

Forecast Target Mesh Definition <forecast-areadef>

Mesh Code <mesh-code>

Mesh Base Point <mesh-bpoint>

Base Point Location <basepoint>

Mesh Kind <mesh-kind>

Mesh Size <mesh-size>

Mesh Size X <mesh-sizex>

Mesh Size Y <mesh-sizey>

Forecast Definition <forecast-def>

Sending Station <sending-station>

Announcement Date and Time <announce-time>

Forecast Date <forecast-date>

Forecast Target Time <target-time>

Forecast Target Date <target-date>

Forecast Start Date <start-date>

Forecast Interval <interval>

Forecast Time Definition <forecast-timedef>

Forecast Times <times>

Forecast Information <forecast-info>

Mesh Complement <mesh-complement>

Horizontal Index <i-index>

Vertical Index <j-index>

Forecast Element <forecast-element>

Surface Chart <surface-chart>

Upper Level Chart <upper-chart>

Synopsis <synopsis>

Weather forecast <forecast-weather>

Temperature <temperature>

Precipitation Probability <precip-prob>

Precipitation Volume <precipitation>

Snow Fall <snow-fall>

Snow Strength <snow-strength>

Wind Direction <wind-direction>

Wind Speed <wind-speed>

Waves <waves>

Maximum Temperature <max-temp>

Forecast Location <forecast-location>

Latitude <latitude>

Longitude <longitude>

Altitude <altitude>

Point Name <point-name>

Location Code <location-code>

Target Time Zone <target-zone>

Temperature <temperature>

Minimum Temperature <min-temp>

Forecast Location <forecast-location>

Latitude <latitude>

Longitude <longitude>

Altitude <altitude>

Point Name <point-name>

Location Code <location-code>

Target Time Zone <target-zone>

Temperature <temperature>

Warnings <warnings>

Sending Station <sending-station>

Announcement Date and Time <announce-time>

Warning <warning>

Warning Area <warning-area>

Warning Kind <warning-kind>

Warning Contents <warning-contents>

Warning Heading <warning-heading>

Warning Cause <warning-cause>

Area, Time, Condition <warning-cond>

Quantitative Warning <warning-quant>

Disaster Warning <warning-disaster>

Warning, Other <warning-other>

chart 5.1: Weather Information Tree Structure

Contents

5. Weather Information

This section gives weather information.

<weather-info>...</weather-info>

Notate the individual elements that make up the construction of basic weather data: current weather condition data, weather forecast data, and warnings.

<!-- Giving current weather condition data -->

<weather-info>

  <basic-info>...</basic-info>

  <actual>...</actual>

</weather-info>



<!-- Giving forecast or warning data and weather forecast warnings -->

<weather-info>

  <basic-info>...</basic-info>

  <forecast>...</forecast>

  <warnings>...</warnings>

</weather-info>

5.1 Basic Information

This section gives basic information regarding weather.

Note the individual elements that make up weather information. Omit elements to correspond with 3. Basic Information Structure.

5.2 Actual Weather Information

This section gives actual weather data.

<actual>Actual Weather Data</actual>

Note the individual observation elements related to current weather conditions. These are: actual class; actual target area, point, mesh data; sending station; announcement Date and Time ; and observation Date and Time .

<actual>

  <actual-class>Actual Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System</actual-class>

  <actual-area>...</actual-area>

  Omitted  

</actual>

5.2.1 Actual Classification

This section gives the actual weather condition name.

<actual-class>Actual Class</actual-class>

Specify the actual weather condition with characters .

<actual-class>

 Actual Weather from Weather Authority</actual-class>

<actual-class>Actual Weather from Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMDAS)</actual-class>

5.2.2 Observation Target Area, Point, Mesh Information

This section gives the observation target area or point.

<actual-area>Observation Target Area, Point, Mesh Data</actual-area>

When the observation target is a point, notate with observation target area, point, mesh name. When the observation target is an area, notate with observation target area, point, mesh name as well as observation target mesh definition data.

<actual-area>

  <actual-areaname>Hokkaido (Ishikari, Sorachi, Shiribeshi Regions)</actual-areaname>

</actual-area>



<actual-area>

  <actual-areaname>Sapporo Outskirts (5 km mesh) Sapporo Outskirts(5kmMesh )</actual-areaname>

  <actual-areadef>...</actual-areadef>

</actual-area>

5.2.2.1 Observation Target Area Name, Point Name, Mesh Name

This section gives the name of the observation target area or point.

<actual-areaname>Observation Target Area, Point, Mesh Name</actual-areaname>

Express the observation target area or point name with characters .

<!-- Observation Target Area-->

<actual-areaname>Hokkaido (Ishikari, Sorachi, Shiribeshi Regions)</actual-areaname>

<!-- Observation Target Location -->

<actual-areaname>Sapporo Horse Race Track</actual-areaname>

<!-- Mesh Name --> 

<actual-areaname>Sapporo Park (40 km radius around Sapporo City)    </actual-areaname>

5.2.2.2 Observation Target Mesh Definition

This section gives the contents of the observation target mesh.

<actual-areadef>Observation Target Mesh Definition Data</actual-areadef>

Give the definition for a mesh based forecast (the entire mesh or a single point inside the mesh) by indicating the forecast target mesh with JIX X0410 based mesh code (base area mesh, integrated area mesh, divided area mesh), or with mesh base point, mesh type, and the range combination.

<actual-areadef>

  <mesh-bpoint>

    <latitude>41,30,00</latitude>

    <longitude>142,15,00</longitude>

    <basepoint>South Western Point</basepoint>

  </mesh-bpoint>

  <mesh-kind unit="km">5</mesh-kind>

  <mesh-size>

    <mesh-sizex>10</mesh-sizex>

    <mesh-sizey>10</mesh-sizey>

  </mesh-size>

  <actual-def>Inner-Mesh Average</actual-def>

</actual-areadef>



<actual-areadef>

  <mesh-code>std="jis-X0410-1976" comment="Sapporo Outskirts">6441</mesh-code>

  <actual-def>Central Point</actual-def>

</actual-areadef>

5.2.2.2.1 Mesh Code

This section gives the JIX X0410 based mesh code (local mesh code)

<mesh-code std="Standard Names" comment="code supliment">Local Mesh Code </mesh-code>

Express the JIS X0410 based mesh code (base area mesh, integrated area mesh, divided area mesh) in a numerical value.

<mesh-code std="jis-X0410-1976" comment="Sapporo Outskirts">6441</mesh-code>

5.2.2.2.2 Mesh Base Point

This section gives the survey target mesh base point data.

<mesh-bpoint>
  <latitude>Latitude</latitude>
  <longitude>Longitude </longitude>
  <altitude>Altitude </altitude>
  <basepoint>Base Point Location</basepoint>
</mesh-bpoint>

Base point data is made up of point data and base point location data. Point data is expressed in latitude and longitude. Altitude can be used if necessary. For the geodetic system, use the International Reference Terrestrial Frame (IRTF) from the 1984 World Geodetic System (WGS 84) . Express the base point location data in terms of North-West Tip or South-West Tip .

<mesh-bpoint>

  <latitude>41,30,00</latitude>

  <longitude>142,15,00</longitude>

  <basepoint>South-West Tip </basepoint>

</mesh-bpoint>

5.2.2.2.2.1 Base Point Location

This section gives the location data for the mesh base point of the survey target.

<basepoint>Base Point Location</basepoint>

Give the base point location data which clarifies the mesh base point. For the base point location, use the inner-mesh north west tip or the inner-mesh south west tip.

<basepoint>South West Tip</basepoint>

5.2.2.2.3 Mesh Kind

This section gives the type of mesh (length of one side of the mesh).

<mesh-kind unit="km">Mesh Kind</mesh-kind>

Mesh type is expressed in units of km for the length of one side (mesh space) of the mesh.

<mesh-kind unit="km">50</mesh-kind>

5.2.2.2.4 Mesh Size

This section gives the range of the mesh.

<mesh-size>
  <mesh-sizex>I (Horizontal) Lattice Direction Number</mesh-sizex>
  <mesh-sizey>J (Vertical) Lattice Direction Number</mesh-sizey>
</mesh-size>

Express the mesh range in terms of the mesh number for the I (horizontal) direction and the J (vertical) direction of the 2 dimensional plane rectangular sphere . Express the mesh number as an integer.

<Mesh Range> = <Horizontal Lattice Number>x<Vertical Lattice Number>

<mesh-size><mesh-sizex>10</mesh-sizex><mesh-sizey>10</mesh-sizey></mesh-size>

5.2.2.2.4.1 Mesh Size X

This section gives the range of the mesh horizontally.

<mesh-sizex>I (Horizontal) Lattice Direction Number</mesh-sizex>

Express the I (horizontal) lattice number of the 2 dimensional plane rectangular sphere that makes up the mesh range as an integer.

<mesh-sizex>10</mesh-sizex>

5.2.2.2.4.2 Mesh Size Y

This section gives the range of the mesh vertically.

<mesh-sizey>J (Vertical) Lattice Direction Number</mesh-sizey>

Express the J (vertical) lattice number of the 2 dimensional plane rectangular sphere that makes up the mesh range as an integer.

<mesh-sizey>10</mesh-sizey>

5.2.2.2.5 Definition of Actual Measurement

This section gives a definition of the information in the mesh derived forecast.

<actual-def>Actual Definition</actual-def>

Regarding the mesh actual definition, indicate whether the actual element data gives the inner mesh average or data for a specific point on the mesh. Express this information in characters. Average, centeral point, tip. In the case of a tip, express the location as north west tip, south west tip, north east tip, or south east tip.

<actual-def>Central Point</actual-def>

<actual-def>Inner Mesh Average</actual-def>

5.2.3 Sending Station

This section gives the actual weather condition telegram sending station.

<sending-station>Sending Station </sending-station>

Refer to the notation style in 3.3.1 Authority Name.

<sending-station>

  <authority-name>

    <organization>Sapporo District Meteorological Observatory</organization>

  </authority-name>

</sending-station>

5.2.4 Announcement Time

This section gives the actual weather data announcement date and time .

<announce-time>Announcement Date and Time </announce-time>

Refer to the notation style in 2.2.1 date and time .

<announce-time>1999-05-05T12:05+09:00</announce-time>

5.2.5 Observation Time

This section gives the actual weather data observation date and time .

<observe-time>Observation Date and Time </observe-time>

Refer to the notation style in 2.2.1 Date and Time.

<observe-time>1999-05-05T12:00+09:00</observe-time>

5.2.6 Observation Information

This section gives the observation information.

<observe-info>Observation Information</observe-info>

Observation information is targeted towards specific time information in real time (hour deliniated value), and is not considered in terms of the 24 hour day, or day deliniated value, which is a unit used in statistics. Observation information is expressed in terms of observation point and observation elements.

<observe-info>

  <observe-location>...</observe-location>

  <observe-element>...</observe-element>

</observe-info>

5.2.6.1 Observation Location

This section gives the observation point.

<observe-location>
  <latitude>Latitude</latitude>
  <longitude>Longitude </longitude>
  <altitude>Altitude </altitude>
  <point-name>Point Name </point-name>
  <location-code>Location Code </location-code>
</observe-location>

The observation point is expressed using latitude, longitude, altitude, point name, and location code

As seen below, combine any important elements.

<observe-location>

  <location-code unit="amedas">14121</location-code>

</observe-location>

<observe-location>

  <latitude>41,30,00</latitude>

  <longitude>142,15,00</longitude>

  <location-code unit="amedas">99999</location-code>

</observe-location>

5.2.6.1.1 Location Code

This section gives the observation location number.

<location-code>Observation Location Number</location-code>

Use a code system such as the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMDAS) to notate the observation location number.

<!--  Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMDAS) location number (Ishikari)  -->

<location-code unit="amedas">14121</location-code>

5.2.6.2 Observation Element

This section indicates the actual weather condition data observation elements.

<observe-element>Observation Element Data</observe-element>

Notate observation element data from within the observation elements. For the observation element section, elements being observed at the observation site are noted. Observation elements not within the realm of the observation target at the observation site are not listed. When observation data was not able to be obtained (insufficient observation) for an observation element, use the data value [-] (hyphen). For observation element units, use units that correspond with the observation element.

<observe-element>

  <weather type="text">Snow</weather>

  <temperature>-5</temperature>

</observe-element>

5.2.6.2.1 Mesh Complement

This section gives the specific lattice within the mesh code as a numeric value column.

<mesh-coplement> 
  <i-index>Horizontal Index</i-index>
  <j-index>Vertical Index</j-index>
</mesh-coplement>

In order to specify a specific lattice that has been established with the observation target mesh definition and is inside the JIS X0410 based mesh code (base area mesh, integrated area mesh, divided area mesh), list the elements (i,j) for a specific 2 dimensional plane rectangular sphere lattice where "i" is width and "j" is length.

<Mesh Supplement Data> = <Horizontal Index><Vertical Index>

<mesh-coplement> 

  <i-index>2</i-index>

  <j-index>3</j-index>

</mesh-coplement>

5.2.6.2.1.1 Horizontal Index

This section gives the horizontal index used in naming a specific lattice inside the numeric value column mesh code.

<i-index>Horizontal Index</i-index>

In order to specify a specific lattice that has been established with the observation target mesh definition and is inside the JIS X0410 based mesh code (base area mesh, integrated area mesh, divided area mesh), list the I (horizontal) value of a specific 2 dimensional plane rectangular sphere lattice.

<i-index>2</i-index>

5.2.6.2.1.2 Vertical Index

This section gives the vertical index used in naming a specific lattice inside the numeric value column mesh code.

  <j-index>Vertical Index</j-index>

In order to specify a specific lattice that has been established with the observation target mesh definition and is inside the JIS X0410 based mesh code (base area mesh, integrated area mesh, divided area mesh), list the J (vertical) value of a specific 2 dimensional plane rectangular sphere lattice .

<j-index>3</j-index>

5.2.6.2.2 Surface Chart

This section gives the surface weather chart.

<surface-chart src="URL">Image File Name</surface-chart>

Make the surface weather chart an image file with an appointed file name. Refer to URL notation style for the file naming method.

<surface-chart src="www.rwmlserver.ne.jp/images/charta.jpg">1999-05-09 10:00 Surface Weather Chart</surface-chart>

5.2.6.2.3 Upper Level Chart

This section gives the upper level weather chart.

<upper-chart src="URL" kind="Appointed Chart">Image File Name</upper-chart>

Express the upper level weather chart in terms of image file and upper level weather chart classifications depending on the file name assignment. Follow URL notation style for the file naming method. The upper level weather chart class specification (850, 750, 700, 500, 300) corresponds to the attribute kind and is expressed in units of hpa.

<upper-chart src="www.rwmlserver.ne.jp/images/chartb.jpg" kind="750">19999-05-09 10:00 Upper Level Weather Chart(750hpa)</upper-chart>

5.2.6.2.4 Synopsis

This section gives the actual weather synopsis.

<synopsis>Synopsis</synopsis>

Express actual synopsis in characters.

<synopsis>A high air pressure system is currently in effect, but cold air is rising.</synopsis> 

5.2.6.2.5 Weather

This section gives the observed weather.

<weather type="specification Style">Weather</weather>

Express weather in characters. Express the contents in code or characters based on Japan Style Notation (15 classes), which sets surface weather observation rules. Japan Style Notation is located at 4.2.3 Weather.

<weather type="text">Fine Weather </weather>

5.2.6.2.6 Temperature

This section gives the observed temperature.

<temperature unit="Unit">Temperature</temperature>
<temperature>Temperature</temperature>

Refer to 4.2.4 Temperature , temperature is always expressed in centigrade and value is expressed up to 1/10 of a degree. For temperatures below 0 degrees centigrade, attach a [-] (minus) before the number representing the temperature.

<temperature unit="Celsius">25.3</temperature>

<temperature>25.3</temperature>

5.2.6.2.7 Sunshine Duration

This section gives the observed sunshine duration

<sunshine-duration unit="minute">Sunshine Duration</sunshine-duration>
<sunshine-duration>Sunshine Duration</sunshine-duration>

Express the sunshine duration 1 hour previous to observation in minutes.

<sunshine-duration>50</sunshine-duration>

5.2.6.2.8 Solar Radiation

This section gives the observed solar radiation.

<solar-radiation unit="MJ/m*m">Solar Radiation</solar-radiation>
<solar-radiation>Solar Radiation</solar-radiation>

Express the value for solar radiation the from the entire sky 1 hour previous to observation in units of MJ/m². Give the value up to 1/100 of a unit.

<solar-radiation>0.23</solar-radiation>

5.2.6.2.9 Wind Direction

This section gives the observed wind direction with true north as a base.

<wind-direction code="Notation Code">wind direction</wind-direction>

Portion off 16 sections of a circle in order to derive the unit for wind direction. Refer to 4.2.6 Wind Direction, using true north as the extreme top section of the portioned off circle and going clockwise, specify each compass point of the circle and express the wind direction using the 16 compass points of the circle. Using the attribute code, specify whether numeric notation or alphabetic notation is used. In case of omission, it is understood that alphabetic code is being used.

When the weather is calm, use the numeric mark "00" / alphabetic mark "C".

<wind-direction code="alpha">C</wind-direction>

or

<wind-direction code="num">00</wind-direction>

5.2.6.2.10 Wind Speed

This section gives the observed wind speed.

<wind-speed>Wind Speed</wind-speed>

Refer to 4.2.7 Wind Speed, use m/s as the wind speed unit. Carry the value out to 1/10 of a m/s.

<wind-speed>1.5</wind-speed>

5.2.6.2.11 Precipitation Volume

This section gives the volume of precipitation that reached the earth surface in units of time.

<precipitation unit="mm" measure="Observation Method" span="Time Unit">Precipitation Volume</precipitation>

Following 4.2.9 Precipitation Volume, express the precipitation volume 1 hour previous to observation in units of mm. Give the value up to 1/10 of a mm. Observation decimal values less than 0.5 are rounded down to 0. Values from 0.5 to less than 1.0 are rounded to 0.5. When observation data is not obtainable due to impediments to observation, record "no data". Clarify the observation time unit using the attribute span. Indicate whether an observation is an automated observation or not in the attribute measure. In the case of observations made by a human being, clearly note that a human observation (manual) is being recorded. When it is unclear if the observation was made by a human being or an automated observing device, it is marked as an automatic observation (auto).

<precipitation measure="auto">10</precipitation>

5.2.6.2.12 Snow Depth

This section describes the depth of natural fallen snow that covers the ground.

<snow-depth unit="cm" measure="Observation Method">Fallen Snow Depth</snow-depth>

Refer to 4.2.10 Snow Depth, describe fallen snow depth.

<snow-depth measure="manual">15</snow-depth>

5.2.6.2.13 Snow Fall

This section indicates the depth of fallen snow that piles up on the ground.

<snow-falldepth unit="cm" measure="Observation Method" span="Measure Target Time Period ">Fallen Snow Depth</snow-fall>

Refer to 4.2.11 Snow Fall, the depth of fallen snow is described.

<snow-fall measure="manual">20</snow-fall>

5.2.6.2.14 Snow Strength

Observed fallen snow strength is described.

<snow-strength>Fallen Snow Strength</snow-strength>

Fallen snow strength is expressed in the following 4 classes: no fallen snow, weak snow, strong snow, snow storm. Fallen snow strength usually takes "cm/h" as a unit. However, application of this unit is difficult for the common user to comprehend. Thus, relating snowfall strength to vision (m), a visual expression is substituted.

<snow-strength>Snow Storm</snow-strength>

5.2.6.2.15 Snowfall Chart

This section describes observed fallen snow actual condition (fallen snow strength) in a chart.

<snowfall-chart src="URL">Fallen Snow Actual Condition File Name</snowfall-chart>

Refer to 5.2.6.2.14 Fallen Snow Strength, the fallen snow actual condition chart created image is made into an image file corresponding to the file name specification. Designation method follows URL notation style.

<snowfall-chart src="http://rwmlserve.xxxx.or.jp/weather/snowfall/19990430/xxx.jpg">
Fallen Snow Actual Condition yy/mm/dd hh:mm</snowfall-chart>

5.3 Forecast

This section describes the forecast data pertaining to weather data.

<forecast>Weather Actual Condition Data</forecast>

Forecast data elements related to the weather forecast (forecast class, forecast target area data, forecast location data, forecast mesh data, sending station, announcement date and time, and forecast date and time) are described.

<forecast> 

  <forecast-class>Prefecture Weather Data (Meteorological Agency Announcement)</forecast-class>

  <forecast-area>...</forecast-area>

  Omitted 

</forecast>

5.3.1 Forecast Class

This section describes the name of the weather forecast.

<forecast-class>Forecast Class</forecast-class>

Weather forecast class is expressed in characters.

<forecast-class>Prefecture Weather Forecast (Meteorological Agency Announcement)</forecast-class>

<forecast-class>Weekly Weather Forecast (Meteorological Agency Announcement)</forecast-class>

5.3.2 Forecast Target Area, Point, Mesh Information

Location data and names related to forecast target area, location, and mesh data are described.

<forecast-area>...</forecast-area>

The forecast area is expressed in terms of "forecast target area, location, and mesh name data," and, "forecast target mesh definition data."

<forecast-area>

<forecast-areaname>Forecast Target Area, Location, and Mesh Name</forecast-areaname>

<forecast-areadef>...<forecast-areadef>

</forecast-area>

5.3.2.1 Forecast Target Area, Point, Mesh Name

This section describes forecast target area and point name.

<forecast-areaname>Forecast Target Area, Location, and Mesh Name Data</forecast-areaname>

forecast target area and point name are expressed in characters.

<!--  forecast Target Area-->

<forecast-areaname>Hokkaido (Ishikari, Sorachi, Shiribeshi Regions)</forecast-areaname>

<!-- forecast Target Location -->

<forecast-areaname>Sapporo Horse Race Track</forecast-areaname>

<!-- Mesh Name -->

<forecast-areaname>Sapporo Park (40 km radius around Sapporo)</forecast-areaname>

5.3.2.2 Forecast Target Mesh Definition

This section gives the definition for the forecast target mesh.

<forecast-areadef>...</forecast-areadef>

The forecast target mesh is described with either JIS X0410 based mesh code (base area mesh, integrated area mesh, divided area mesh), or a combination of mesh base point, mesh (lattice) type, and mesh range. The definition of the forecast from the corresponding mesh (entire mesh, single point within the mesh) is described.

<forecast-areadef>

  <mesh-bpoint>

    <latitude>41,30,00</latitude>

    <longitude>142,15,00</longitude>

    <basepoint>South West Tip</basepoint>

  </mesh-bpoint>

  <mesh-kind unit="km">5</mesh-kind>

  <mesh-size>

    <mesh-sizex>10</mesh-sizex>

    <mesh-sizey>10</mesh-sizey>

  </mesh-size>

  <forecast-def>Inner Lattice Average </forecast-def>

</forecast-areadef>



<forecast-areadef>

  <mesh-code>std="jis-X0410-1976" comment="Sapporo Outskirts">6441</mesh-code>

  <forecast-def>Central Point</forecast-def>

</forecast-areadef>

5.3.2.2.1 Mesh Code

The JIS X0410 based mesh code (local mesh code) is described.

<mesh-code std="standard name " comment="Code Supplement ">Mesh Code </mesh-code>

JIS X0410 based mesh code (base area mesh, integrated area mesh, divided area mesh) is expressed in numeric value.

<mesh-code std="jis-X0410-1976" comment="Sapporo Outskirts">6441</mesh-code>

5.3.2.2.2 Mesh Base Point

Data related to the mesh base point of the forecast target mesh is given.

<mesh-bpoint>
  <latitude>Latitude</latitude>
  <longtitude>Longitude </longtitude>
  <altitude>Altitude </altitude>
  <basepoint>Base Point Location </basepoint>
</mesh-bpoint>

Data related to the base point consists of point data and base point location data. Point data is given in latitude and longitude. Altitude may be included if necessary. The International Reference Terrestrial Frame (IRTF) from the 1984 World Geodetic System (WGS 84) is used. Base point location data is expressed as the north west tip or south west tip.

<mesh-bpoint>

  <latitude>41,30,00</latitude>

  <longtitude>142,15,00</longtitude>

  <basepoint>South West Tip</basepoint>

</mesh-bpoint>

5.3.2.2.2.1 Base Point Location

Data relating to the mesh base point for the survey target mesh is described.

<basepoint>Base Point Location </basepoint>

Base point location data that clarifies the mesh base point is described. For the base point location, a tip inside the lattice (the north west tip or the south west tip) is used.

<basepoint>North West Tip</basepoint>

5.3.2.2.3 Mesh Kind

Mesh kind (the length of one side of the lattice) is described.

<mesh-kind unit="km">Mesh Kind</mesh-kind>

Mesh kind is given as the length of one side of the lattice (lattice interval) and is expressed in km.

<mesh-kind unit="km">50</mesh-kind>

5.3.2.2.4 Mesh Size

Mesh range is described.

<mesh-size><mesh-sizex>I (horizontal) Lattice Number</mesh-sizex><mesh-sizey>J (vertical) Lattice Number</mesh-sizey></mesh-size>

Mesh range is expressed by the I (horizontal) value and J (vertical) value that make up a 2 dimensional plane rectangular sphere lattice . Describe the number of lattices as an integer.

<Mesh Range> = <Horizontal Mesh Number>x<Vertical Mesh Number>

<mesh-size><mesh-sizex>10</mesh-sizex><mesh-sizey>10</mesh-sizey></mesh-size>

5.3.2.2.5 Forecast Definition

This section gives the definition of information in the mesh forecast.

<forecast-def>Forecast Definition</forecast-def>

The mesh forecast definition can contain data that either expresses the inner lattice average or data related to a specific point on the mesh. The information is expressed in characters: average, central point, tip. In the case of a tip, the location is described as: north west tip, south west tip, north east tip, south east tip, etc.

<forecast-def>Inner Mesh Average</forecast-def>

5.3.3 Sending Station

The weather forecast data telegram sending station is described.

<sending-station>Sending Station </sending-station>

Refer to the notation style in 3.3.1 Authority Name.

<sending-station>

  <authority-name>

    <organization>Asahikawa Local Meteorological Observatory</organization>

  </authority-name>

</sending-station>



<sending-station>

  <authority-name>

    <organization>Japan Weather Association, Hokkaido Regional Office </organization>

  </authority-name>

</sending-station>

A list of prefectural weather forecasts and corresponding announcement offices by region (in Hokkaido).



(items in quotes "" are temperature forecast locations).



<Soya District>(Wakkanai Local Meteorological Observatory)

Soya District (11016 Wakkanai)



<Kamikawa Rumoi District>(Asahikawa Local Meteorological Observatory)

Kamikawa District (12441 Asahikawa)

Rumoi District (13277 Rumoi)



<Ishikari Sorachi Shiribeshi District>(Sapporo District Meteorological Observatory)

Ishikari District (14162 Sapporo)

Sorachi District (15356 Iwamizawa)

Shiribeshi District (16217 Kucchan)



<Abashiri Kitami Monbetsu District>(Abashiri Local Meteorological Observatory)

Abashiri District (17341 Abashiri)

Kitami District (17521 Kitami)

Monbetsu District (17112 Monbetsu)

 

<Kushiro Nemuro Tokachi District>(Kushiro Local Meteorological Observatory)

Kushiro District (19431 Kushiro)

Nemuro District (18272 Nemuro)

Tokachi District (20431 Obihiro)



<Iburi Hidaka Disctrict>(Muroran Local Meteorological Observatory)

Iburi District (21323 Muroran)

Hidaka District (22327 Urakawa )



<Oshima Hiyama District >(Hakodate Marine Meteorological Observatory)

Oshima District (23232 Hakodate)

Esashi District (24217 Esashi)





A list of weekly weather forecasts and corresponding announcement offices by region (in Hokkaido).



(items in quotes "" are temperature forecast locations).



Soya District (Wakkanai)

(Wakkanai Local Meteorological Observatory)



Kamikawa Rumoi District (Asahikawa)

(Local Meteorological Observatory)



Ishikari Sorachi Shiribeshi District (Sapporo)

(Sapporo District Meteorological Observatory)



Abashiri Kitami Monbetsu District (Abashiri)

(Abashiri Local Meteorological Observatory)



Kushiro Nemuro Tokachi District (Kushiro)

(Kushiro Local Meteorological Observatory)



Iburi Hidaka District (Muroran)

(Muroran Local Meteorological Observatory)



Oshima Hiyama District (Hakodate)

(Hakodate Marine Meteorological Observatory)

5.3.4 Announcement Date & Time

The actual weather condition data announcement date and time is described.

<announce-time>Announcement Date and Time</announce-time>

Refer to the notation style in 2.2.1 Date & Time.

<announce-time>1999-05-05T12:05+09:00</announce-time>

5.3.5 Forecast Date

This section describes the forecast date and time.

<forecast-date>Forecast Date and Time </forecast-date>

Express the forecast date and time by forecast target time or forecast date and time (when there are repeating elements).

<forecast-date>

  <target-time>1999-05-06T14:00+09:00</target-time>

</forecast-date>

or

<forecast-date>

  <target-date>

    <start-date>1999-05-06T00:00+09:00</start-date>

    <interval>PT24H</interval>

    <forecast-timedef>specific time zone </forecast-timedef>

    <times>2</times>

  </target-date>

</forecast-date>

5.3.5.1 Forecast Target Time

The forecast target time is described.

<target-time> forecast target time </target-time>

Refer to the notation style in 2.2.1 Date and Time or in 2.2.4 Time Length and Period. This is used for a time or time zone specific forecast. When using this specification, there are no repeating elements.

<target-time>1999-05-06T11:00+09:00/1999-05-06T24:00+09:00</target-time>

<target-time>1999-05-06T14:00+09:00</target-time>

5.3.5.2 Forecast Target Date

Forecast target date and time is described.

<target-date> Forecast target date and time </target-date>

Corresponding to forecast commencement date and time, forecast time intervals, forecast target time zone / time definition data, and forecast repetitions, this is used when a forecast gathered from forecast target information that describes a specific time or a specific time zone will be repeated.

<target-date>

  <start-date>1999-05-06T00:00+09:00</start-date>

  <interval>PT24H</interval>

  <forecast-timedef>specific time zone </forecast-timedef>

  <times>2</times>

</target-date>

5.3.5.2.1 Forecast Start Date

The forecast commencement date and time are described.

<start-date> forecast commencement date and time </start-date>

Refer to the notation style in 2.2.1 Date and Time.

<start-date>1999-05-06T00:00+09:00</start-date>

5.3.5.2.2 Forecast Interval

The forecast interval is described.

<interval> forecast time interval </interval>

Refer to the notation style (1) from 2.2.4 Time Length and Period.

<interval>P1D</interval>

<interval>PT24H</interval>

5.3.5.2.3 Forecast Time Definition

The forecast for a specific time based on the forecast time interval or the forecast for a specific time zone based on the forecast time interval, is described in characters. The data noted here is applied to all forecast elements presented henceforth. However, when time or time zone is listed among the forecast elements, the listed data takes priority.

<forecast-timedef>Forecast Target Time Zone / Time Definition Data</forecast-timedef>

The forecast for a specific time based on the forecast time interval or the forecast for a specific time zone based on the forecast time interval, is notated in characters. The data noted here is applied to all forecast elements presented henceforth. However, when time or time zone is listed among the forecast elements, the listed data takes priority.

<forecast-timedef>specific time zone </forecast-timedef>

5.3.5.2.4 Forecast Times

The forecast repetition number is described.

<times>Forecast Repetition Number</times>

The forecast repetition number is expressed as an integer value.

<times>3</times>

5.3.6 Forecast Information

This section describes forecast data. When the forecast target is a mesh, data which gives an inner mesh location is also included.

<forecast-info> forecast data </forecast-info>

The forecast target area / point / mesh complement data expresses the inner mesh horizontal and vertical location. For the forecast elements, list forecast target elements (weather, temp, etc.).

<forecast-info>

  <mesh-complement>Mesh supplement data </mesh-complement>

  <forecast-element>Forecast Element Index</forecast-element>

</forecast-info>

5.3.6.1 Mesh Complement

A specific lattice inside the mesh code is described in a numeric value column.

<mesh-complement>
  <i-index>Horizontal Index</i-index>
  <j-index>Vertical Index</j-index>
</mesh-complement>

In order to specify a specific lattice that has been established with the observation target mesh definition and is inside the JIS X0410 based mesh code (base area mesh, integrated area mesh, divided area mesh), list the I (horizontal) and J (vertical) value of a specific 2 dimensional plane rectangular sphere lattice . i and j express the elements I (horizontal) and J (vertical) respectively, and the mesh that includes the base point is described as (1,1).

<Mesh supplement data > = <Horizontal Index><Vertical Index>

<mesh-complement>

  <i-index>2</i-index>

  <j-index>3</j-index>

</mesh-complement>

5.3.6.1.1 Horizontal Index

The horizontal index that points to a specific lattice inside the mesh code is described in a numeric value column.

<i-index>Horizontal Index</i-index>

In order to specify a specific lattice that has been established with the observation target mesh definition and is inside the JIS X0410 based mesh code (base area mesh, integrated area mesh, divided area mesh), list the I (horizontal) value of a specific 2 dimensional plane rectangular sphere lattice .

<i-index>2</i-index>

5.3.6.1.2 Vertical Index

The vertical index that points to a specific mesh inside the mesh code is described in a numeric value column.

<j-index>Vertical Index</j-index>

In order to specify a specific lattice that has been established with the observation target mesh definition and is inside the JIS X0410 based mesh code (base area mesh, integrated area mesh, divided area mesh), list the J (vertical) value of a specific 2 dimensional plane rectangular sphere lattice.

<j-index>3</j-index>

5.3.6.2 Forecast Element

The forecast elements of weather forecast data are described.

<forecast-element>Forecast Element </forecast-element>

The elements from inside the forecast elements list are listed.

Units corresponding to the forecast element are used. In the case that the forecast repeats 2 or more times and when there no forecast data element for the specific repetition number, the forecast element is not listed.

<forecast-element>

  <forecast-weather telop="2035">north east wind, clouds, morning night, rain </forecast-weather>

</forecast-element>

5.3.6.2.1 Surface Chart

The surface weather forecast chart is described.

<surface-chart src="URL">Image File Name</surface-chart>

The surface weather forecast chart is made into an image file corresponding to the file name specification. The specification method follows URL notation method.

<surface-chart src="www.rwmlserver.ne.jp/images/charta.jpg">1999-05-09 10:00 Surface Chart</surface-chart>

5.3.6.2.2 Upper Level Chart

An upper level surface weather forecast chart is described.

<upper-chart src="URL" kind="specification">Image File Name</upper-chart>

Upper level weather forecast charts are expressed as image files and upper level weather charts in accordance with the file name specification. File specification follows URL notation style. Upper level weather chart class specification (850, 750, 700, 500, 300) corresponding to attribute kind is expressed in units of hpa.

<upper-chart src="www.rwmlserver.ne.jp/images/chartb.jpg" kind="750">


19999-05-09 10:00 upper level weather forecast chart (750hpa)</upper-chart>

5.3.6.2.3 Synopsis

The forecast synopsis for the weather forecast is expressed.

<synopsis>Synopsis</synopsis>

The forecast synopsis is expressed in characters.

<synopsis>



For one week, due to influence from a valley of air pressure, on the 16th rain fell in some places,
and for the second half of the time period there were many unstable days with off and on rain. 
Around the 19th the whole area saw rainfall.





The maximum and minimum temperatures will both be lower than average until the 16th. 
After that, highs and lows can be expected to surpass average.

</synopsis>

5.3.6.2.4 Weather Forecast

The weather related to the weather forecast is described.

<forecast-weather telop="Television Opaque Projector Number" />
<forecast-weather>Weather forecast </forecast-weather>
<forecast-weather telop="Television Opaque Projector Number" >Weather forecast </forecast-weather>

Combine terminology such as "fine", "cloudy", "rain", "snow" , etc. that describes weather within the forecast period and within the range of the forecast and words that indicate phenomenon occurrence time period such as "short time", "sometimes", "after", etc.

<forecast-weather telop="2035" >north west wind, cloudy, morning night, rain </forecast-weather>

television opaque projector number

The television opaque projector number is expressed in a 4 figure list like: "north west wind, cloudy, morning night, rain (203 5)". It is also acceptable to use only the first three figures. The first three figures stand for upcomming weather. The last figure expresses if there is rain data or not in the forecast. (0: no rain, 2: rain in some places, 5: rain)

100     Clear skies 

101     Clear skies, partially cloudy 

102     Clear skies spots of rain 

103     Clear skies with intermittent rain 

104     Clear skies with spots of snowfall

105     Clear skies with intermittent snowfall 

106     Clear skies with spots of rain or snow (mainly rain) 

107     Clear skies with intermittent rain or snow (mainly rain)

108     Clear skies with spots of rain or thunderstorms 

140     Clear skies with intermittent rain and some thunder 

160     Clear skies with spots of snow or rain (mainly snow) 

170     Clear skies with intermittent snow or rain (mainly snow) 



  The remaining portion of the list is omitted.  

Also, in the case of a prefecture weather forecast (Meteorological Agency announcement) whether or not data relating to "wind" will be included in the weather presentation becomes a matter of selection for the data announcer

The "north or north east wind" part of a weather forecast is indicated in a weather forecast in the following way: "north and north east wind, cloudy, intermittent snow or rain". Portions of a forecast presented with a television opaque projector and portions presented in characters do not always correspond completely with each other (presentations in characters are more detailed). For usage, refer to either section is acceptable. Use terms "later", "intermittent ---", and "spots of ---" as shown below.

Later =======> "cloudy, rain later" when rain fall is expected in the latter half of the forecast period (half).

Intermittent =======> "cloudy, intermittent rain" when the following situation is expected: rain falls intermittently, and the combined total rainfall time is more than 1/4 but less than 1/2 of the forecast period.

Spots of =======> "cloudy, spots of rain" when continuous rain fall is expected to occur for one period of less than 1/4 of the forecast period.

5.3.6.2.5 Temperature

Temperature related to the weather forecast is described.

<temperature unit="unit " time1="forecast Time Supplement " time2="forecast Time Zone Supplement ">Temperature</temperature>
<temperature>Temperature </temperature>

Refer to 4.2.4 Temperature, temperature is expressed in centigrade. For temperatures of less than zero degrees centigrade, a [-] (minus) mark is included before the number representing the temperature. Decimal values can be omitted. When the definition information from 5.3.5 Forecast Date is different from the forecast situation, include the data following the notation style from 2.2.1 Date and Time or the notation style (2) from 2.2.4 Time Length and Period.

<temperature unit="Celsius" time2="1999-05-05T06:00+09:00/1999-05-05T12:00+09:00">25.3</temperature>

<temperature>25.3</temperature>

5.3.6.2.6 Precipitation Probability

The precipitation probability portion of the weather forecast is described.

<precip-prob time1="Forecast Time Supplement" time2=" forecast time zone supplement ">Precipitation Probability</precip-prob>

Precipitation probability is expressed in a 4 digit number. Precipitation probability forecast value is listed in the 3 digits that come after the 1 digit number that discriminates among "rain, rain or snow, snow or rain, snow". The precipitation type discernment number is "0" for rain, "1" for "rain or snow", "2" for "snow or rain", and "3" for "snow". When the definition information from 5.3.5 Forecast Date is different from the forecast situation, include the data following the notation style from 2.2.1 Date and Time or the notation style (2) from 2.2.4 Time Length and Period. When "0000" is recorded, the rain precipitation probability is described as "0%".

<!--  Rain Only  -->

<precip-prob>1000</precip-prob>

<!-- Rain or Snow  -->

<precip-prob>1001</precip-prob>

5.3.6.2.7 Precipitation Volume

The precipitation volume portion of the weather forecast is described.

<precipitation unit="mm" time2=" forecast time zone supplement ">Rainfall Amount</precipitation>

Rainfall amount is expressed in mm. When the definition information in 5.3.5 Forecast Date is different from the forecast condition, input the data following the notation style (2) in 2.2.4 Time Length and Period.

<precipitation measure="auto">10</precipitation>

5.3.6.2.8 Snow Fall

The snowfall depth portion of the weather forecast is described.

<snow-fall unit="cm" time2=" forecast time zone supplement ">fallen snow amount </snow-fall>

Snowfall depth is expressed in cm. When the snowfall depth is less than 1 cm, it is recorded as 0 cm. When there is no snowfall, "non" is recorded. When the definition information in 5.3.5 Forecast Date is different from the forecast situation, input the data following the notation style (2) in 2.2.4 Time Length and Period.

<snow-fall>10</snow-fall>

5.3.6.2.9 Snow Strength

The information for the fallen snow strength portion of the weather forecast is described.

<snow-strength time1="Forecast Time Supplement" time2=" forecast time zone supplement ">Fallen Snow Strength</snow-strength>

Fallen snow strength is expressed in the following 4 classes: no fallen snow, weak snow, strong snow, snow storm. (The same as the definition in 5.2.6.2.14 Fallen Snow Strength)

When the definition information in 5.3.5 Forecast Date is different from the forecast condition, include the data following the notation style from 2.2.1 Date and Time or the notation style (2) in 2.2.4 Time Length and Period.

<snow-strength>snow storm </snow-strength>

5.3.6.2.10 Wind Direction

Using true north as a base, the wind direction is expressed.

<wind-direction>Wind Direction</wind-direction>
<wind-direction direc="Direction Division" windc=" forecast ">Wind Direction</wind-direction>
<wind-direction direc="Direction Division" windc=" forecast " time1=" forecast time supplement " time2="Forecast Time Zone Supplement">wind direction</wind-direction>

A circle is portioned off into 16 sections in order to derive the unit for wind direction. Refer to 4.2.6 Wind Direction, using true north as the extreme top section of the portioned off circle and going clockwise, each section of the circle is Specified and the wind direction is expressed using the 16 sections of the circle. When detailed classification is not possible, 8 sections can be used. In such a case, the fact that 8 direction divisions are being used is recorded in the attribute direction. When this data is omitted, it is understood that there are 16 divisions. Whether numeric notation or alphabetic notation is used is specified in the attribute code. In case of omission, it is understood that alphabetic code is being used. Whether the forecast information is an average or a maximum is listed as an appropriate character in the attribute windc.

Average	 

Maximum	

When the definition information in 5.3.5 Forecast Date is different from the forecast condition, include the data following the notation style from 2.2.1 Date and Time or the notation style (2) in 2.2.4 Time Length and Period.

Any of the following styles can be used: 

<wind-direction code="alpha">NNE</wind-direction>

<wind-direction code="alpha" direc="08" >N</wind-direction>

<wind-direction code="alpha" windc="max" >S</wind-direction>

<wind-direction code="alpha" direc="08" time1="1999-05-05T12:00+09:00">N</wind-direction>

<wind-direction code="alpha" direc="08" time2="1999-05-05T12:00+09:00/1999-05-05T13:00+09:00">N</wind-direction>

5.3.6.2.11 Wind Speed

Information pertaining to the wind speed portion of the weather forecast is described.

<wind-speed unit="m/s" time1=" forecast time supplement " time2=" forecast time zone supplement ">Wind Speed</wind-speed>

Refer to 4.2.7 Wind Speed, wind speed is expressed in m/s. When the definition information in 5.3.5 Forecast Date is different from the forecast condition, include the data following the notation style from 2.2.1 Date and Time or the notation style (2) in 2.2.4 Time Length and Period.

<wind-speed>1.5</wind-speed>

5.3.6.2.12 Waves

Information pertaining to the waves portion of the weather forecast is described.

<waves unit="m" time1=" forecast time supplement " time2=" forecast time zone supplement ">Waves </waves>

The significant wave height expected within the forecast target period and within the forecast target sea area is expressed in characters. The maximum value for the significant wave height is expressed in units of m, and the value is expressed up to 1/10 of an m. When the observation value is lower than 3 m, it is takes the unit 0.5 m. Values over 3 m take the unit 1 m. When the definition information in is different from the forecast condition, include the data following the notation style from 2.2.1 Date and Time or the notation style (2) in 2.2.4 Time Length and Period.

<waves>2 meter waves, later 3 meter waves. However, waves in the shore area are lower</waves>

5.3.6.2.13 Maximum Temperature

Data relating to the weather forecast maximum temperature is described.

<max-temp>maximum temperature </max-temp>

Point name, target time, and maximum temperature are expressed in characters.

<max-temp>

  <forecast-location>forecast Location</forecast-location>

  <target-zone>Target Time</target-zone>

  <temperatures>Temperature</temperatures>

</max-temp>

5.3.6.2.13.1 Forecast Location

The forecast target location is described.

<forecast-location>
  <latitude>Latitude</latitude>
  <longitude>Longitude</longitude>
  <altitude>Altitude</altitude>
  <point-name>Point Name</point-name>
  <location-code>Location Code</location-code>
</forecast-location>

The forecast target latitude, longitude, altitude, point name, location code are listed.

<forecast-location>

  <location-code unit="amedas">14121</location-code>

</forecast-location>

5.3.6.2.13.1.1 Location Code

The forecast location code is described.

  <location-code>Forecast Location Code</location-code>

The location code for the forecast location is listed using a system like the AMDAS (Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System).

<!-- AMDAS Location Code (Ishikari) -->

<location-code unit="amedas">14121</location-code>

5.3.6.2.13.2 Target Time Zone

The forecast (maximum temperature) time zone is described.

<target-zone>target time zone </target-zone>

The forecast (maximum temperature) time zone is expressed in characters. To express the time zone, the notation style (2) in 2.2.4 Time Length and Period or the following notation style is used: morning (00:00-09:00), daytime (09:00-18:00), 24 hours (00:00-24:00)

<target-zone>1999-05-05T06:00+09:00/1999-05-05T14:00+09:00</target-zone>

<target-zone>Daytime</target-zone>

5.3.6.2.13.3 Temperature

Temperature is described.

<temperature unit="unit ">temperature </temperature>

Refer to 4.2.4 Temperature, temperature is expressed in centigrade and a [-] (minus) sign is attached to numbers representing temperatures below 0 degrees centigrade.

<temperature>36</temperature>

5.3.6.2.14 Minimum Temperature

Data related to the weather forecast minimum temperature is described.

<min-temp>minimum temperature </min-temp>

Point name, target time, and minimum temperature is expressed in characters.

<min-temp>

  <forecast-location>forecast Location</forecast-location>

  <target-zone>Target Time</target-zone>

  <temperatures>temperature </temperatures>

</min-temp>

5.3.6.2.14.1 Forecast Location

The forecast target location is described.

<forecast-location>
  <latitude>Latitude</latitude>
  <longitude>Longitude</longitude>
  <altitude>Altitude</altitude>
  <point-name>Point Name</point-name>
  <location-code>Location Code</location-code>
</forecast-location>

The forecast target latitude, longitude, altitude, point name, location code are listed.

<forecast-location>

  <latitude>41,30,00</latitude>

  <longitude>142,15,00</longitude>

  <point-name>Ishikari</point-name>

  <location-code unit="amedas">14121</location-code>

</forecast-location>

5.3.6.2.14.1.1 Location Code

The forecast location code is described.

<location-code>Forecast Location Code</location-code>

The location code for the forecast location is listed using a system like the AMDAS (Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System).

<!-- AMDAS (Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System) Location Code (Ishikari) -->

<location-code unit="amedas">14121</location-code>

5.3.6.2.14.2 Target Time Zone

The forecast (minimum temperature) time zone is described.

<target-zone>target time zone </target-zone>

The forecast (minimum temperature) time zone is expressed in characters. To express the time zone, the notation style (2) in 2.2.4 Time Length and Period or the following notation style is used: morning (00:00-09:00), daytime (09:00-18:00), 24 hours (00:00-24:00)

<target-zone>1999-05-05T06:00+09:00/1999-05-05T14:00+09:00</target-zone>

<target-zone>24 Hours</target-zone>

5.3.6.2.14.3 Temperature

Minimum temperature is described.

<temperature unit="Unit">temperature </temperature>

Refer to 4.2.4 Temperature, temperature is expressed in centigrade and a [-] (minus) sign is attached to numbers representing temperatures below 0 degrees centigrade.

<temperature>-40</temperature>

5.4 Warnings

Data relating to announced warnings is described.

<warnings>Warning Data</warnings>

Warnings are made up of sending station, announcement date and time, warnings, and warning information. Regarding the expression of the warning data set here, on the precondition that the user acquires the newest data, expressions pertaining to the warning release are not included.

<warnings>

  <sending-station>Sending Station </sending-station>

  <announce-time> announcement  date and time </announce-time>

  <warning>...</warning>

  <warning-contents>...</warning-contents>  

</warnings>

5.4.1 Sending Station

The warning announcer (the sender of a weather station telegram) is described.

<sending-station>Sending Station</sending-station>

Refer to the notation in 3.3.1 Authority Name.

<sending-station>

  <authority-name>

    <organization>Sapporo District Meteorological Observatory</organization>

  </authority-name>

</sending-station>

5.4.2 Announcement Date and Time

The warning announcement date and time is described.

<announce-time>Announcement Date and Time</announce-time>

Refer to the notation style in 2.2.1 Date and Time.

<announce-time>1999-05-05T12:05+09:00</announce-time>

5.4.3 Warning

The warning target area and warning classification are described.

<warning>Warning</warning>

The target area and warning classification are listed.

<warning>

  <warning-area>Target Area</warning-area>

  <warning-kind>Warning Classification</warning-kind>

</warning>

5.4.3.1 Target Area

The warning target area is described.

<warning-area>Target Area</warning-area>

The target area is listed based on the area code observation set by the Meteorological Agency.

Example: Area Code List

   (Sapporo District Meteorological Observatory)

<!-- North Ishikari     -->

<warning-area>1410</warning-area>

5.4.3.2 Warning Kind

Warning type is described.

<warning-kind>Warning Kind</warning-kind>

Warnings are listed by using the following classes.

Warning: snow storm, heavy rain, flood, storm, heavy snow, waves, high tide

Caution: heavy rain, heavy snow, snowstorm, thunder, strong wind, waves, snow melting, flood, high tide, 
         dense fog, dryness, snowslide, low temperature, frost, snow accretion, other

Expressions related to warning releases are not used here.

<warning-kind>Snow Storm Warning</warning-kind>



<warning-kind>Strong Wind and Wave Caution</warning-kind>

5.4.4 Warning Contents

The content of a warning is described.

<warning-contents>Warning Content</warning-contents>

The warning content expresses the weather announcement content in terms of "title", "cause, etc.", "area, time period, current condition", "quantity forecast", and "disaster prevention matters". The omission of "cause, etc.", "area, time period, current condition", "quantity forecast", and "emergency prevention matters" can occur.

<warning-contents>

  <warning-heading>From now onward and all day tomorrow, south and south east wind will be strong and waves will be high.</warning-heading>

  <warning-cause>Air pressure becomes critical.</warning-cause>

  <warning-cond>From now onward and all day tomorrow in the Ishikari, Sorachi, and Shiribeshi regions, south and south east winds will be strong and waves will be high  </warning-cond>

  <warning-quant>The maximum wind speed on land will be 10 - 13 m. At sea it will be 13 - 17 m, with high waves. </warning-quant>

  <warning-disaster>gust, high waves, caution in handling fire.</warning-disaster>

</warning-contents>

5.4.4.1 Warning Heading

The warning heading is described.

<warning-heading>Heading</warning-heading>

The warning heading serves as a supplement to the content listed in the warning section.

<warning-heading>From now onward until afternoon there will be a snow storm in north Ishikari, and the sea wind will be 28 m.</warning-heading>

5.4.4.2 Warning Cause

The cause section of the warning is described.

<warning-cause>Cause, etc.</warning-cause>

The cause, etc. serves as a supplement to the content listed in the warning section.

<warning-cause>Air pressure will take on a winter pattern and strong cold air will flow into the sky</warning-cause>

5.4.4.3 Area, Time Period, Current Condition

The portion of the warning indicating a change in content from the current condition is described.

<warning-cond>Area, Time Period, Current Condition</warning-cond>

The area, time period, and current condition information serves as a supplement to the content listed in the warning section.

<warning-cond>In the north Ishikari region from now onward into afternoon snow will fall with a west or 
north west wind becoming extremely strong, and the sea will undergo a heavy storm.</warning-cond>

5.4.4.4 Quantitative Warning

The quantitative forecast content portion of the warning is described.

<warning-quant>quantity forecast </warning-quant>

The quantitative forecast information serves as a supplement to the content listed in the warning section.

<warning-quant>



In north Ishikari together with the gusts, the maximum land wind speed will be 13-18 m, and the maximum sea wind speed 
will be 18-23 m. From now onward until night the amount of snowfall will generally be 5-10 cm, possibly reaching up to 
about 15 cm in some places. </warning-quant>

5.4.4.5 Disaster Warning

The emergency prevention matters following warnings are described.

<warning-disaster>Disaster Prevention Matters</warning-disaster>

Disaster prevention matters provide supplementary information for information presented in warnings.

<warning-disaster>

In the event of traffic obstacles, boat icing, and high waves due to snow storms or snow drifts, warn ships and traffic strictly.

</warning-disaster>

5.4.4.6 Warning, Other

Information in warnings that was not expressed fully such as the title, cause, area, time period, current condition, quantity forecast, and disaster prevention matters are described.

<warning-other>Note</warning-other>

Notes supplement information described in the warning classification.

<warning-other>

This is an update of the July 08, 16:30 caution. 

</warning-other>